Which Quintero stage indicates the presence of an absent bladder in the donor twin?

In the context of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), the Quintero staging system is used to classify the severity of the condition based on ultrasound findings. Stage 2 of the Quintero classification is specifically characterized by the presence of oligohydramnios in the donor twin, which can manifest as an absent bladder.

When examining the bladder in the donor twin, the absence of visualization suggests significant urinary tract impairment, which is critical in assessing the degree of renal function and the impact of blood volume differences due to TTTS. The donor twin, experiencing reduced amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios), shows signs of bladder absence due to the impaired urine production resulting from compromised perfusion.

This staging also serves as a pivotal moment in management decisions, often leading to interventions aimed at improving outcomes for both twins, such as amnioreduction or more advanced treatment options.

Understanding these stages is vital, as they directly influence clinical decisions and, ultimately, the prognosis for both fetuses affected by the syndrome.