What should be done if an IUD is placed and an infection is later diagnosed?

When an infection is diagnosed in a patient with an intrauterine device (IUD) in place, leaving the IUD in position while treating the infection is an appropriate approach. This strategy is based on evidence suggesting that in most cases of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) associated with an IUD, the device can remain in situ without significant risk of further complications, especially if the infection is mild and can be treated effectively.

The rationale for this approach includes the following points:

1. IUD as a Non-susceptible Risk: While IUDs can be associated with an increased risk of infection, many infections that occur are not due to the IUD itself, especially if proper insertion techniques were followed. Removing the IUD could potentially lead to further complications, such as a risk of retained products of conception or exacerbating the infection.

2. Conservative Management: By leaving the IUD in place, clinicians can manage the infection while mitigating the risks of removing the device. Treatment typically involves appropriate antibiotic therapy, and if symptoms worsen, further intervention can be evaluated.

3. Evidence-Based Practice: Clinical guidelines support the management of IUD-related infections with continued monitoring and treatment rather than immediate removal, provided that the