What is the significance of the median in a data set?

The median holds significant importance in a data set as it represents the value that divides the dataset into two equal halves when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order. Specifically, half of the observations fall below the median and half fall above it, making it a robust measure of central tendency that is particularly useful in datasets that may contain outliers or are skewed. Unlike the mean, which can be heavily influenced by extreme values, the median provides a more accurate reflection of the central point of the data in such cases. This characteristic makes it essential for data analysis in various fields, including obstetrics and gynecology, where understanding the distribution of numerical data—such as patient outcomes or measurements—can guide clinical decisions and interventions.