What is the primary reason for using low-dose aspirin in pregnancy?

The primary reason for using low-dose aspirin in pregnancy is preeclampsia prophylaxis. Low-dose aspirin has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of developing preeclampsia, particularly in women who are at high risk for this condition, such as those with a history of preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, or certain pre-existing medical conditions.

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related disorder characterized by high blood pressure and potential damage to other organ systems, commonly the liver and kidneys. Low-dose aspirin is thought to help by improving placental blood flow and reducing platelet aggregation, which are both crucial in preventing the excessive blood pressure elevation that is characteristic of preeclampsia.

While low-dose aspirin may also play a role in the prevention of gestational hypertension, its most established use and the focus of clinical guidelines is in the specific prevention of preeclampsia. The objective of using aspirin is to mitigate the risk of severe complications that can arise from preeclampsia, both for the mother and the fetus. Thus, its role in preventing the multiple adverse effects associated with preeclampsia underscores the importance of this practice in obstetric care.