What is the preferred mode of delivery for an HIV-positive woman with a viral load less than 1000 copies/mL?

The preferred mode of delivery for an HIV-positive woman with a viral load less than 1000 copies/mL is vaginal delivery. When an HIV-positive individual maintains a viral load below 1000 copies/mL, the risk of perinatal transmission of the virus during vaginal delivery is significantly reduced.

The guidelines recommend that women who are receiving effective antiretroviral therapy and have controlled viral loads can safely deliver vaginally, as the risk of transmitting HIV to the infant through this method is quite low. This approach prioritizes the mother's health and well-being, as vaginal delivery usually has a shorter recovery time and fewer immediate complications compared to cesarean section, unless specific medical indications are present.

In contrast, scheduled cesarean sections may be necessary in cases where the viral load is above this threshold or if other risk factors for transmission exist. Emergency cesarean sections are reserved for situations where there are unforeseen complications during labor. Home delivery is not generally recommended for HIV-positive individuals due to the potential risk of complications and the need for appropriate medical support and intervention during labor and delivery.