What is the mortality rate associated with Eisenmenger syndrome during pregnancy for both mother and fetus?

Eisenmenger syndrome is a complex condition resulting from long-standing left-to-right shunt heart defects that lead to pulmonary hypertension and subsequent reversal of blood flow. This condition creates significant risks during pregnancy, both for the mother and the fetus. The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, such as increased blood volume and cardiac output, can exacerbate the already compromised cardiovascular status of a woman with Eisenmenger syndrome.

The mortality rate associated with Eisenmenger syndrome during pregnancy is notably high, with estimates indicating around a 50% mortality rate for the mother during this period. This elevated risk is primarily due to severe complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and the risk of thromboembolic events. Additionally, the fetus is at risk as well; with possible outcomes including fetal loss due to inadequate placental perfusion or maternal complications.

Understanding the serious complications and management challenges presented by Eisenmenger syndrome during pregnancy helps inform clinical decision-making for both counseling and treatment. The significant morbidity and mortality rates have led to guidelines suggesting that pregnancy may not be advisable for women with this condition, stressing the importance of careful preconception counseling and management. Thus, the 50% mortality rate for mothers, as indicated, reflects the severity of this syndrome